Luna

Luna

La Luna è l’unico satellite naturale della Terra, orbita a una distanza media di circa 384.400 km dalla Terra ed è sufficientemente vicina da essere osservabile a occhio nudo e distinguerne alcuni rilievi sulla superficie. 

Essendo in rotazione sincrona con la Terra, ci rivolge sempre la stessa faccia e il suo lato nascosto è rimasto sconosciuto fino al periodo delle esplorazioni spaziali.

Durante il suo moto orbitale, il diverso aspetto causato dall’orientazione rispetto al Sole genera delle fasi chiaramente visibili e che hanno influenzato il comportamento dell’uomo fin dall’antichità. 

La sua posizione condiziona inoltre la vita sulla Terra di molte specie viventi, regolandone il ciclo riproduttivo e i periodi di caccia; agisce sulle maree e la stabilità dell’asse di rotazione terrestre. 

Si pensa che la Luna si sia formata 4,5 miliardi di anni fa, non molto tempo dopo la nascita della Terra. Esistono diverse teorie riguardo alla sua formazione, ma la più accreditata è che si sia formata dall’aggregazione dei detriti rimasti in orbita dopo la collisione tra la Terra e un oggetto delle dimensioni di Marte chiamato Theia.

La faccia visibile della Luna è caratterizzata dalla presenza di circa 300.000 crateri da impatto (contando quelli con un diametro di almeno 1 km). Il cratere più grande della Luna è il bacino Polo Sud-Aitken, che ha un diametro di circa 2.500 km, è profondo 13 km e occupa la parte meridionale della faccia nascosta.

 

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